The importance of phonolite rocks (in Gharyan region) in the manufacture of ceramic sanitary ware

Abstract

This study aims to identifying the possibility of using local phonolite rocks as an alternative to imported Na- feldspar, which is the basis of the salty materials used in the manufacture of ceramic sanitary ware. In this study samples were prepared consisting of three groups of different mixtures containing the first on feldspar soda as a basic raw material and mixed with other materials  required for ceramic sanitary ware mixtures, and in the second group was substituting the basic material essential phonolite rocks completely unchanged in the rest of the other materials, Thirdly, the imported material was gradually replaced with the phonolite while retaining the rest of the material with the same proportions. The results showed the possibility of using the phonolite rocks as an alternative to the imported feldspar and the possibility of burning these mixtures until 1250 ° C without causing deformation or defects in the samples. The physical properties were generally better except for the gray color of the samples containing the phenolite by 100%, which can be treated using dark coating